Train services at Elst on November 21, 2024

This page shows all trains which have departed from station Elst on Thursday, November 21, 2024. This includes all trains scheduled to depart, including trains which were eventually cancelled.

Services which were cancelled in advance, for example due to engineering works, are not included in this overview.

« Wed 20 November Fri 22 November »
Elst
Thursday, November 21, 2024
Total services 162
On time 154 (95%)
Cancelled services 4 (2%)
Delayed trains* 4 (2%)
* trains delayed for 5 minutes or more, excluding cancelled services

Train services

Click on a service to view the entire route and delays along the route. Visit live departures for Elst for live information.

05:00 – 06:00

1 service, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
05:45 05:45 Den Helder Intercity 3014 2
VIRM-4
VIRM-4 9468 ->

06:00 – 07:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
06:05 06:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6619 1
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2519, FLIRT FFF-3 2224 ->
06:10 +2 06:10 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7615 2
SNG-3
SNG-3 2350 ->
— 06:10 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916042 —
06:24 +2 06:24 +2 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6610 2
SLT-6S
SLT-6S 2632 ->
06:35 +1 06:35 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6621 1
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2508, FLIRT FFF-4 2520 ->
06:40 +2 06:40 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7617 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
— 06:40 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916092 —
06:50 06:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7618 1
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2355, SNG-4 2727 ->
06:54 06:54 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6612 2
FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2220 ->
— 06:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916096 —

07:00 – 08:00

10 services, 1 cancelled (10%), 1 delayed (10%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
07:05 07:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6623 1
SLT-6S
SLT-6S 2632 ->
07:10 +2 07:10 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7619 2
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2303, SNG-4 2711 ->
07:20 +2 07:20 +2 Wijchen Sprinter 7620 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2204, FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
07:24 07:24 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6614 —
Train is cancelled
— 07:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916099 —
07:35 07:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 6625 1
FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2220 ->
07:40 +7 07:40 +7 Zutphen Sprinter 7621 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2524, FLIRT FFF-3 2204 ->
07:50 07:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7622 1
SNG-3SNG-3
SNG-3 2340, SNG-3 2350 ->
07:54 +2 07:54 +2 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6616 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2213, FLIRT FFF-3 2210 ->
— 07:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916100 —

08:00 – 09:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
08:05 +1 08:05 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6627 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2223, FLIRT FFF-3 2202 ->
08:10 08:10 Zutphen Sprinter 7623 2
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2727, SNG-3 2355 ->
08:20 +1 08:20 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7624 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2226, FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
08:24 +2 08:24 +2 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6618 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2511 ->
— 08:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916101 —
08:35 +1 08:35 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6629 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2210, FLIRT FFF-3 2213 ->
08:40 +1 08:40 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7625 2
SNG-3SNG-3
SNG-3 2350, SNG-3 2340 ->
08:50 08:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7626 1
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2711, SNG-3 2303 ->
08:54 +1 08:54 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6620 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2514, FLIRT FFF-4 2525 ->
— 08:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916102 —

09:00 – 10:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
09:05 09:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6631 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2511 ->
09:10 09:10 Zutphen Sprinter 7627 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2504, FLIRT FFF-3 2226 ->
09:20 09:20 Wijchen Sprinter 7628 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2204, FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
09:24 +1 09:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6622 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2217, FLIRT FFF-3 2228 ->
— 09:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916104 —
09:35 09:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 6633 1
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2525, FLIRT FFF-4 2514 ->
09:40 09:40 Zutphen Sprinter 7629 2
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2303, SNG-4 2711 ->
09:50 +1 09:50 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7630 1
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2355, SNG-4 2727 ->
09:54 +7 09:54 +7 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6624 2
SLT-4
SLT-4 2417 ->
— 09:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916105 —

10:00 – 11:00

10 services, 1 cancelled (10%), 1 delayed (10%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
10:05 10:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6635 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2228, FLIRT FFF-3 2217 ->
10:10 +6 10:10 +6 Zutphen Sprinter 7631 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2524, FLIRT FFF-3 2204 ->
10:20 +1 10:20 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7632 1
SNG-3
SNG-3 2350 ->
10:24 +1 10:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6626 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2224, FLIRT FFF-4 2519 ->
— 10:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916106 —
10:35 10:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 6637 1
SLT-4
SLT-4 2417 ->
10:40 +6 10:40 +6 Zutphen Sprinter 7633 2
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2727, SNG-3 2355 ->
10:50 10:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7634 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
10:54 10:54 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6628 —
Train is cancelled
— 10:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916107 —

11:00 – 12:00

10 services, 1 cancelled (10%), 1 delayed (10%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
11:05 +1 11:05 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6639 1
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2519, FLIRT FFF-3 2224 ->
11:10 11:10 Zutphen Sprinter 7635 2
SNG-3
SNG-3 2350 ->
11:20 11:20 Wijchen Sprinter 7636 1
SNG-3
SNG-3 2303 ->
11:24 +1 11:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6630 2
SLT-4SLT-6S
SLT-4 2411, SLT-6S 2632 ->
— 11:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916108 —
11:35 +1 11:35 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6641 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2508 ->
11:40 +1 11:40 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7637 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
11:50 11:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7638 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2204, FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
11:54 11:54 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6632 —
Train is cancelled
— 11:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916109 —

12:00 – 13:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
12:05 12:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6643 1
SLT-4
SLT-4 2411 ->
12:10 +1 12:10 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7639 2
SNG-3
SNG-3 2303 ->
12:19 +1 12:19 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7640 1
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2355, SNG-4 2727 ->
12:24 +1 12:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6634 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2202, FLIRT FFF-3 2223 ->
— 12:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916110 —
12:35 +1 12:35 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6645 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2220, FLIRT FFF-3 2233 ->
12:40 12:40 Zutphen Sprinter 7641 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2524, FLIRT FFF-3 2204 ->
12:50 +1 12:50 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7642 1
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2711, SNG-3 2350 ->
12:54 +2 12:54 +2 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6636 2
FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2210 ->
— 12:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916111 —

13:00 – 14:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
13:05 13:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6647 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2223, FLIRT FFF-3 2202 ->
13:10 13:10 Zutphen Sprinter 7643 2
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2727, SNG-3 2355 ->
13:20 13:20 Wijchen Sprinter 7644 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
13:24 13:24 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6638 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2511 ->
— 13:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916112 —
13:35 13:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 6649 1
FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2210 ->
13:40 +3 13:40 +3 Zutphen Sprinter 7645 2
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2350, SNG-4 2711 ->
13:50 13:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7646 1
SNG-3
SNG-3 2303 ->
13:54 +5 13:54 +5 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6640 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2514, FLIRT FFF-4 2525 ->
— 13:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916113 —

14:00 – 15:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
14:04 14:06 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6651 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2511 ->
14:10 +1 14:10 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7647 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
14:20 14:20 Wijchen Sprinter 7648 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2204, FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
14:24 14:24 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6642 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2217, FLIRT FFF-3 2228 ->
— 14:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916114 —
14:35 14:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 6653 1
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2525, FLIRT FFF-4 2514 ->
14:40 14:40 Zutphen Sprinter 7649 2
SNG-3
SNG-3 2303 ->
14:50 14:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7650 1
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2355, SNG-4 2727 ->
14:54 +2 14:54 +2 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6644 2
SLT-4
SLT-4 2417 ->
— 14:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916115 —

15:00 – 16:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
15:05 15:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6655 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2228, FLIRT FFF-3 2217 ->
15:10 +3 15:10 +3 Zutphen Sprinter 7651 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2524, FLIRT FFF-3 2204 ->
15:20 15:20 Wijchen Sprinter 7652 1
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2711, SNG-3 2350 ->
15:24 15:24 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6646 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2517, FLIRT FFF-3 2224 ->
— 15:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916116 —
15:35 +1 15:35 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6657 1
SLT-4
SLT-4 2417 ->
15:40 +1 15:40 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7653 2
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2727, SNG-3 2355 ->
15:50 15:50 Wijchen Sprinter 7654 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
15:54 15:54 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6648 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2508 ->
— 15:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916117 —

16:00 – 17:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
16:05 16:05 Dordrecht Sprinter 6659 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2224, FLIRT FFF-4 2517 ->
16:10 16:10 Zutphen Sprinter 7655 2
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2350, SNG-4 2711 ->
16:20 +1 16:20 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7656 1
SNG-3SNG-3
SNG-3 2340, SNG-3 2303 ->
16:24 +1 16:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6650 2
SLT-4
SLT-4 2411 ->
— 16:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916118 —
16:35 +1 16:35 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6661 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2508 ->
16:40 +4 16:40 +4 Zutphen Sprinter 7657 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
16:50 +1 16:50 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7658 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-3 2204, FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
16:54 +5 16:54 +5 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6652 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2233, FLIRT FFF-3 2220 ->
— 16:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916119 —

17:00 – 18:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
17:05 +1 17:05 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6663 1
SLT-6SSLT-4
SLT-6S 2632, SLT-4 2411 ->
17:10 +1 17:10 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7659 2
SNG-3SNG-3
SNG-3 2303, SNG-3 2340 ->
17:20 17:20 Wijchen Sprinter 7660 1
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2355, SNG-4 2727 ->
17:24 +1 17:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6654 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2202, FLIRT FFF-3 2223 ->
— 17:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916120 —
17:35 17:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 6665 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2220, FLIRT FFF-3 2233 ->
17:40 17:40 Zutphen Sprinter 7661 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-4 2524, FLIRT FFF-3 2204 ->
17:49 +1 17:49 +1 Wijchen Sprinter 7662 1
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2711, SNG-3 2350 ->
17:54 17:54 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6656 2
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2230, FLIRT FFF-3 2210 ->
— 17:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916121 —

18:00 – 19:00

10 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
18:05 +2 18:05 +2 Dordrecht Sprinter 6667 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2223, FLIRT FFF-3 2202 ->
18:10 18:10 Zutphen Sprinter 7663 2
SNG-4SNG-3
SNG-4 2727, SNG-3 2355 ->
18:20 +2 18:20 +2 Wijchen Sprinter 7664 1
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2523, FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
18:24 +1 18:24 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6658 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2511 ->
— 18:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916122 —
18:35 +2 18:35 +2 Dordrecht Sprinter 6669 1
FLIRT FFF-3FLIRT FFF-3
FLIRT FFF-3 2210, FLIRT FFF-3 2230 ->
18:40 +1 18:40 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7665 2
SNG-3SNG-4
SNG-3 2350, SNG-4 2711 ->
18:50 18:50 Nijmegen Sprinter 7666 1
SNG-3SNG-3
SNG-3 2340, SNG-3 2303 ->
18:54 18:54 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 6660 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2525 ->
— 18:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916123 —

19:00 – 20:00

9 services, 1 cancelled (11.1%), 1 delayed (11.1%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
19:05 +1 19:05 +1 Dordrecht Sprinter 6671 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2511 ->
19:10 +2 19:10 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7667 2
FLIRT FFF-4FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504, FLIRT FFF-4 2523 ->
19:20 19:20 Nijmegen Sprinter 7668 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
— 19:29 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916124 —
19:35 +4 19:35 +4 Dordrecht Sprinter 6673 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2525 ->
19:35 19:35 Dordrecht Sprinter 306673 —
Train is cancelled
19:41 +2 19:41 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7669 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
19:50 19:50 Nijmegen Sprinter 7670 1
SNG-4
SNG-4 2727 ->
— 19:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916125 —

20:00 – 21:00

5 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
20:11 +2 20:11 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7671 2
SNG-4
SNG-4 2727 ->
20:20 20:20 Nijmegen Sprinter 7672 1
SNG-3
SNG-3 2350 ->
20:41 +1 20:41 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7673 2
SNG-3
SNG-3 2350 ->
20:50 +2 20:50 +2 Nijmegen Sprinter 7674 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
— 20:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916126 —

21:00 – 22:00

5 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
21:11 +2 21:11 +2 Zutphen Sprinter 7675 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
21:20 21:20 Nijmegen Sprinter 7676 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
21:41 21:41 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 7677 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
21:50 21:50 Nijmegen Sprinter 7678 1
SNG-4
SNG-4 2727 ->
— 21:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916127 —

22:00 – 23:00

5 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
22:11 +1 22:11 +1 Zutphen Sprinter 7679 2
SNG-4
SNG-4 2727 ->
22:20 22:20 Nijmegen Sprinter 7680 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
22:41 +1 22:41 +1 Arnhem Centraal Sprinter 7681 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2524 ->
22:50 +1 22:50 +1 Nijmegen Sprinter 7682 1
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
— 22:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916128 —

23:00 – 24:00

3 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
23:11 23:11 Zutphen Sprinter 7683 2
FLIRT FFF-4
FLIRT FFF-4 2504 ->
23:50 23:50 Nijmegen Sprinter 7686 1
SNG-4
SNG-4 2727 ->
— 23:59 Tiel Stopbus ipv trein 916129 —

00:00 – 01:00

3 services, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
00:04 +1 00:04 +1 Zutphen Intercity 3684 2
VIRM-6
VIRM-6 8628 ->
00:15 00:15 Nijmegen Intercity 3085 1
VIRM-6
VIRM-6 8740 ->
00:42 +1 00:42 +1 Nijmegen Intercity 3087 1
VIRM-4
VIRM-4 9592 ->

01:00 – 02:00

1 service, 0 cancelled (0%), 0 delayed (0%)

Arr. Dep. Destination Train Platf.
01:56 01:56 Nijmegen Snelbus ipv trein 900542 —

Train drawings: © Arthur Pijpers, Wiek Vlasma and others